A Journal for Western Man

 

 

 

Coercion, Sacrifice, Trades, Opportunity Costs,

Harms, Benefits, and Persuasion:

An Intellectual Exchange

 Dave Scotese and G. Stolyarov II

Issue LXIII- June 17, 2006

 

-----------------------------------

Principal Index

-----------------------------------

Old Superstructure

-----------------------------------

Old Master Index

-----------------------------------

Contributors

-----------------------------------

The Rational Business Journal

-----------------------------------

Forum

-----------------------------------

Yahoo! Group

-----------------------------------

Gallery of Rational Art

-----------------------------------

Online Store

-----------------------------------

Henry Ford Award

-----------------------------------

Johannes Gutenberg Award

-----------------------------------

CMFF: Fight Death

-----------------------------------

Eden against the Colossus

-----------------------------------

A Rational Cosmology

-----------------------------------

Links

-----------------------------------

Submit/Contact

-----------------------------------

Statement of Policy

-----------------------------------

 

By Mr. Dave Scotese, June 4, 2006:

I read a little bit of what you have written since you started the Rational Argumentator and have concluded that I might have some insight that you might enjoy.

In the latest issue, you wrote:

“The entirety of human interactions can be divided into three fundamental categories. The first category—coercion—occurs when A takes Y from B without giving B anything in return. As a result, A has both X and Y; A seems to have gained, but B has certainly lost. The second category—sacrifice—occurs when A gives X away to B without asking or expecting anything in return. As a result, B now has both X and Y; B seems to have gained, but A has certainly lost. The third category—trade—is the only one in which neither party loses. Both A and B leave the exchange more satisfied than they entered it.”

You then proceed to describe the three categories, showing that coercion leads to more coercion and dwindling respect, sacrifice leads to the sense of entitlement and the development of masters and servants, and that trade produces the best outcome.  For the most part, I agree completely.  However, those who use coercion will disagree with your conclusions about coercion, and those who use sacrifice will disagree with your conclusions about sacrifice.

For example, in your Objectivist defense of the anti-abortion stance, you suggest that disallowing pregnant women from legally ending the lives inside them would be a good thing.  I can argue that enforcing such a law would be coercion.  I think you would argue that the enforcement of rational laws is not coercion.  I can agree with that argument, but I would also insist that we avoid the term “coercion” specifically because it provides the opportunity to disagree about what it means.  The same quagmire can be created for the categories of sacrifice and trade.  The point is that different people will come to different conclusions and be unable to find common ground.  I offer that insight as a safe precursor with which you can agree.  If you disagree, you are simply proving that you and I come to different conclusions and are unable to find common ground, so I stick you with the contradiction fallacy.

Granted, one of us might be an idiot, and that could be me, but I think it’s far more likely that we’re both really smart.  So off I go into the main insight that I hoped to share…

I think of every choice, whether it is coerced or a sacrifice or both or neither, as a trade.  Law enforcement agents may coerce you to pull over, to pay a fine, to appear in court, or whatever, but in each case you are trading away a worse outcome for a better one given the circumstances (of which the agent is a part).  The religion-crazed mother who gives most of family’s savings to her church as a sacrifice is trading that money away for hope, perhaps of getting into heaven herself, or of buying one of her children a ticket.  Every choice is a trade.

So I cannot in good faith agree with an argument that coercion and sacrifice are two other basic categories for all human action of which trade is the third.  What I can argue is that expecting others to help you pay for what you want generally makes your life worse than expecting to earn it for yourself.  Thus, you may coerce, if you feel that is the best way to earn it for yourself.  But if you vote or lobby or make donations to pass a law that benefits you, can you call that earning the enforcement of that law?  I cannot.  I think it’s a great way to identify laws the enforcement of which a lot of people will be willing to financially support, but that’s not the system we have… yet.  Furthermore, voting to utilize the resources collected by force from unwilling citizens to enforce the laws I like is not, to me, the same as earning the enforcement of those laws.

You have a much greater reach than I do, I assume.  I hope that my ideas might inform, enlighten, or help you in some way as you continue to share ideas with others that will help create more happiness and joy in the world.

It is possible to improve your own life and the lives of others who will disagree with your rational and objective view by teaching them principles.  They can assimilate the principles despite their inability to see objectively.  Using rational thought as a tool to guide your decisions is extremely rare.  Far more prevalent is just doing what you’ve seen others do because it looked to you like it worked for them.  So I tell people all the time that I try not to expect others to help me pay for what I want.  I assume that they can tell that this works for me and I hope they will follow my example.

My website, litmocracy.com, asks people to make comparative decisions (which is the better of two pieces of writing?), and uses these decisions to identify high-quality writing.  The intention is two-fold.  First, I wish to show people that finding consensus in a group can be done far more effectively using comparative voting (Google ‘Condorcet’ or ‘vote-123’ ).  Second, I want to use that principle to bridge the gap between socialist thought (many quite naive socialists are mostly interested in having a better world) and free-market thought.  Finding arguments and authors that can reach the brainwashed masses and provide them with a small bit of help out of their invisible prison is quite difficult.  I think comparative voting is one of the best ways to solve it.

Response by Mr. G. Stolyarov II, June 6, 2006:

Mr. Scotese,
 
Thank you for your interesting and thoughtful letter.

When you say that "every choice is a trade," you are implying a true idea: every choice has opportunity costs. In making a given choice, an individual is forgoing the consequences of not making that choice. He must consider the consequences of not making the choice to be worse than the consequences of making itor else he would not have made the choice.
 
So the individual who coerces does indeed view the consequences of coercion to be better than the consequences of non-coercion. The same can be said about the individual who sacrifices.
 
But the "trade" that occurs between a choice and its opportunity costs is a different trade than the one that may or may not occur between two individuals as a result of their choices. The coercer may think he is benefiting himself by making his choices, but he is harming the person whom he is coercing. (That is, the other person would have been better off had the coercion not taken place.) The sacrificer may indeed think that he is benefiting himself in an emotional sense—or in the sense of expecting otherworldly rewards—but he is ultimately harmed by the objective consequences of his decision. If the sacrifice is coerced, then the sacrificer is also immediately harmed in the sense of being worse off than he would have been if the sacrifice had not been expected of him. Furthermore, he does not ask the other individual to give him anything in return for his sacrifice; thus, there is no inter-personal trade.
 
So the coercer and sacrificer are making intra-personal trades among the consequences of the various potential choices they could make, but not inter-personal trades with other people.
 
If you would like me to use less ambiguous terminology for the three categories of human interaction, I will do so from the vantage point of Person A interacting with Person B.
 
Unilateral infliction of harm: A takes Y from B without giving anything in return.  
 
Unilateral surrender of benefits: A gives B X without expecting or accepting anything in return.
 
Mutually beneficial exchange: Both A and B are benefited through the transaction; A gets Y from B, and B gets X from A.
 
To apply this to the issue of abortion, if abortion is a woman's unilateral infliction of harm upon a fetus, then it is perfectly proper to prevent or punish such an infliction of harm by a law that prohibits abortion. The law is not a "unilateral infliction of harm," because it is a response to harm that another party has either already inflicted or plans to inflict.
 
I do not think that even the enforcement of laws that one is willing to support should require the infliction of unilateral harm upon others. In "An Outline and Defense of a Properly Limited Government," I describe a system in which all funding for the government is voluntary, and an individual's sway over government policies is directly proportional to the resources he voluntarily contributes:
 
I tend to agree with you when you say that "it is possible to improve your own life and the lives of others who will disagree with your rational and objective view by teaching them principles." Some people might not be receptive to the entire method of rational, autonomous judgment, but they might still be willing to adopt some of the conclusions reached through this method. Adopting these conclusions will improve their lives; they will be using the consequences of rational thinking without even knowing it. Teaching by example helps in this way. If a rational, objective person leads a successful life, people will wonder what the reasons behind his success are. They will try to adopt at least some of the rational man's habits, attitudes, and ambitions.
 
In this sense, I sympathize with your method of "comparative voting," especially insofar as it might help individuals select better alternatives than the ones they currently endorse. This will not result in perfection, but I agree that it can produce substantive improvements.
 
I thank you for your original and thorough ideas. May I have your permission to reprint your letter and my response on The Rational Argumentator? You may likewise feel free to reprint the present letter on Litmocracy.com.
 
I am
G. Stolyarov II,
Editor-in-Chief,
The Rational Argumentator

This TRA feature has been edited in accordance with TRA’s Statement of Policy.

Click here to return to TRA's Issue LXIII Index.

Learn about Mr. Stolyarov's novel, Eden against the Colossus, here.

Read Mr. Stolyarov's new comprehensive treatise, A Rational Cosmology, explicating such terms as the universe, matter, space, time, sound, light, life, consciousness, and volition, at http://www.geocities.com/rational_argumentator/rc.html.

Visit PanAsianBiz for interesting perspectives on international business and current events in Russia and Asia. Dr. Bill Belew's blog especially addresses Asian countries' contributions to the emerging global economy. Dr. Belew also writes a blog on business in China - ZhongHuaRising - business in Japan - RisingSunofNihon - and business education - TheBizofKnowledge.

 

 

 

 

]